Employment and Unemployment
● Workers - A worker is an individual who engage in some production activity,contributes to GDP by the rendering services
Self employed worker and hired worker
● Self employed workers - workers who are engaged in their own business or Enterprises
● Hired workers - workers who are hired by the others and are paid in form of Wage and salary
Casual and regular worker
● Casual workers - workers who are not employed on regular basis and these employees do not get job security
• No permanent jobs
• No security
● Regular workers - when workers are paid regularly then are known as regular worker or salaried employees
• Permanent jobs
• Provide security, pension, bonus
Labour supply, labour force and workforce
● Labour supply - amount of workers that are willing to do work at particular wage rate
● Labour force - sum total of persons who are willing and able to work at an existing wage rate in an economy
● Work force - a part of labour force who are actually engaged in some productive activity
Jobless growth
● Labour supply - amount of workers that are willing to do work at particular wage rate
● Labour force - sum total of persons who are willing and able to work at an existing wage rate in an economy
● Work force - a part of labour force who are actually engaged in some productive activity
Jobless growth
Situation where GDP of an economy grows faster than the employment opportunity.
Casualisation of employment
When the percentage of casual hired workers in total workforce tends to rise over line
Informalisation of employment
1. Formal sector - it refers to the organised sector of the economy
a. It includes all public and private establishment which hire 10 or more workers
b. Workers of these sectors are entitled to social security benefits
c. These workers are protected by labour laws
2. Informal sector - it refers to the unorganised sector of the economy
a. It includes all such private establishment who higher than 10 worker's
b. These workers does not entitled to any social security benefits
c. Workers of this sector are not protected by labour laws
Types of Unemployment
● In Rural unemployment
1. Disguised unemployment/Hidden unemployment
The number of worker engage in a job is much more than the number of people actually required
2. Seasonal unemployment
Seasonal unemployment refers when people are unemployed at particular times of the year when demand for labour is lower than usual.
● In Urban unemployment
1. Industrial unemployment
Those persons who are willing and able to work in industries in urban areas but cannot find work fall in the category as the rural urban migration increase urban unemployment
2. Educated unemployment
Those person who educated and not able to find a suitable and efficient job for himself this also occurs when there is large number of graduate or postgraduate but limited jobs opportunities and the Limited companies.
● Common types of unemployment
1. Open unemployment/involuntary unemployment
Open unemployment occurs when a worker is willing to work and has the necessary ability to work, yet he does not get work
2. Structural unemployment
Structural unemployment is caused by a mismatch of skills between the unemployment and available jobs. Structural unemployed is caused by changes in the economy
3. Frictional unemployment
Frictional unemployment that occurs from the the inevitabletable times delay in finding new opportunities employment in a free market.it is also called search unemployment. It relates to time taken
4. Cyclical unemployment
Cyclic unemployment related to the cyclical tends in the industry of the business cycle.
Causes of unemployment
1. Slow economic growth
2. Rising population
3. Agricultural - seasonal occupation employment only seasonal crops
4. Destroy of small scale industries
5. No more job formation
Suggestions to solve the problems of unemployment
1. increase in production
2. Control over population
3. Education reforms
4. Technique productions
5. self employment
6. Importance to employment program in plans
Conclusions
We provide short summary and some exam notes of all subjects and for all classes.this notes is related to class 12th commerce/arts indian economy notes.In our page we learn all classes subjects and different knowledge.our youtube channel also available so you get for information go to channel.now we work on application for all classes and easy way to get notes and pdf of exam idea so you ready to learn from our easy adda.
We provide short summary and some exam notes of all subjects and for all classes.this notes is related to class 12th commerce/arts indian economy notes.In our page we learn all classes subjects and different knowledge.our youtube channel also available so you get for information go to channel.now we work on application for all classes and easy way to get notes and pdf of exam idea so you ready to learn from our easy adda.
We belongs to araria bihar.behind this website hands of Bhola and Nadeem.we both belongs to Jnv.you can learn also from my youtube channel.youtube channel is "Easy Adda".
ConversionConversion EmoticonEmoticon