Infrastructure
● Infrastructure - infrastructure refers to support system of economic and social development of a country
• It provides supporting service to main areas of industry, agricultural ,trade and Commerce
eg- Roads , Electricity , Health , Energy , etc
● Types of infrastructure
1. Economic infrastructure
It refers to such elements of support system like power, transport and Communications
2. Social infrastructure
It refers to such elements of support system like school, college, hospital, and nursing homes
● Importance of infrastructure
1. increase productivity
2. Provide employment opportunities
3. Infrastructure facilitates outsourcing
4. Infrastructure inhance size of the market
Energy -components of economic infrastructure
It is the lifeline of production activity across all sectors of the economy
Source of energy
● Commercial and Non Commercial source of energy
A. Commercial source of energy
a. It is formed in term of price
b. These goods are used in factories
eg- coals, petroleum, natural gas and electricity
c. They have a market of sale and purchase
d. it is non renewable in nature
B. Non commercial source of energy
a. It is found as a gift from nature
b. They are renewable source of energy
c. These are used for domestic consumption purpose
eg - cowdunk, firewood, animal waste
● conventional and non conventional source of energy
A. Conventional source of energy
a. Which we are using from long period of time
b. It is limited in nature
c. They are non renewable
d. It generally polluted the environment
e. They are more expensive in nature
eg - Coal, Petroleum, Natural gas, Electricity
B. Non conventional source of energy
a. Recently discovered
b. Unlimited in nature
c. They are renewable in nature
d. They generally do not pollute the environment
e. They are less expensive in nature
eg - Solar energy, Wind energy, Biogas,Biomass
● Emerging challenges in power generation
1. Inadequate generation of electricity
2. Transmission and distribution losses
3. Less capacity utilisation
4. losses of electricity boards
● Measures to remove problems of power generation
1. Minimise the Transmission and distribution losses
2. Increase in production capacity
3. Improve supply of inputs to power plants
4. Improve plant load factor
(electricity generated by production capacity)
5. Privatisation
Health - Components of social infrastructure
1. It means a sound physical and mental state of the individual it does not simply mean absence of disease
2. Increase in overall efficiency to handle difficult task
3. Increase in mental abilities
● Development of Health Service after independence
1. Decline in death rate
2. Reduction in infant mortality rate
3. Rise in expectancy of life
● Healthcare sector system in India
3tier health-care system
1. Primary Health centres
a. Provides basic facilities
b. Single doctor
c. Village and small towns
d. Small Hospital
2. Secondary health centres
a. Provides surgery, ECG, X-rays etc
b. Better facility from primary center
c. Specially in town
3. Tertiary Healthcare center
a. Advanced level equipment
b. AIIMS ( big branch )
c. Provide all types of facilities
● Health as an emerging challenges
1. Unequal distribution of Healthcare services
2. Communicable disease
3. Poor management
4. Poor sanitation level
5. Privatisation
6. Poor unkeep and a maintenance
eg- Roads , Electricity , Health , Energy , etc
● Types of infrastructure
1. Economic infrastructure
It refers to such elements of support system like power, transport and Communications
2. Social infrastructure
It refers to such elements of support system like school, college, hospital, and nursing homes
● Importance of infrastructure
1. increase productivity
2. Provide employment opportunities
3. Infrastructure facilitates outsourcing
4. Infrastructure inhance size of the market
Energy -components of economic infrastructure
It is the lifeline of production activity across all sectors of the economy
Source of energy
● Commercial and Non Commercial source of energy
A. Commercial source of energy
a. It is formed in term of price
b. These goods are used in factories
eg- coals, petroleum, natural gas and electricity
c. They have a market of sale and purchase
d. it is non renewable in nature
B. Non commercial source of energy
a. It is found as a gift from nature
b. They are renewable source of energy
c. These are used for domestic consumption purpose
eg - cowdunk, firewood, animal waste
● conventional and non conventional source of energy
A. Conventional source of energy
a. Which we are using from long period of time
b. It is limited in nature
c. They are non renewable
d. It generally polluted the environment
e. They are more expensive in nature
eg - Coal, Petroleum, Natural gas, Electricity
B. Non conventional source of energy
a. Recently discovered
b. Unlimited in nature
c. They are renewable in nature
d. They generally do not pollute the environment
e. They are less expensive in nature
eg - Solar energy, Wind energy, Biogas,Biomass
● Emerging challenges in power generation
1. Inadequate generation of electricity
2. Transmission and distribution losses
3. Less capacity utilisation
4. losses of electricity boards
● Measures to remove problems of power generation
1. Minimise the Transmission and distribution losses
2. Increase in production capacity
3. Improve supply of inputs to power plants
4. Improve plant load factor
(electricity generated by production capacity)
5. Privatisation
Health - Components of social infrastructure
1. It means a sound physical and mental state of the individual it does not simply mean absence of disease
2. Increase in overall efficiency to handle difficult task
3. Increase in mental abilities
● Development of Health Service after independence
1. Decline in death rate
2. Reduction in infant mortality rate
3. Rise in expectancy of life
● Healthcare sector system in India
3tier health-care system
1. Primary Health centres
a. Provides basic facilities
b. Single doctor
c. Village and small towns
d. Small Hospital
2. Secondary health centres
a. Provides surgery, ECG, X-rays etc
b. Better facility from primary center
c. Specially in town
3. Tertiary Healthcare center
a. Advanced level equipment
b. AIIMS ( big branch )
c. Provide all types of facilities
● Health as an emerging challenges
1. Unequal distribution of Healthcare services
2. Communicable disease
3. Poor management
4. Poor sanitation level
5. Privatisation
6. Poor unkeep and a maintenance
Conclusions
We provide short summary and some exam notes of all subjects and for all classes.this notes is related to class 12th commerce/arts indian economy notes.In our page we learn all classes subjects and different knowledge.our youtube channel also available so you get for information go to channel.now we work on application for all classes and easy way to get notes and pdf of exam idea so you ready to learn from our easy adda.
We provide short summary and some exam notes of all subjects and for all classes.this notes is related to class 12th commerce/arts indian economy notes.In our page we learn all classes subjects and different knowledge.our youtube channel also available so you get for information go to channel.now we work on application for all classes and easy way to get notes and pdf of exam idea so you ready to learn from our easy adda.
We belongs to araria bihar.behind this website hands of Bhola and Nadeem.we both belongs to Jnv.you can learn also from my youtube channel.youtube channel is "Easy Adda".
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